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Answer the following Questions. Question 1. Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet). Solution : Recombinant proteins are obtained from the recombinant DNA technology. This technology involves the transfer of specific genes from an organism into another organism using vectors and restriction enzymes as molecular tools. Ten recombinant proteins used in medical practice are − Recombinant protein Therapeutic use 1. Insulin Treatment for type I diabetes mellitus 2. Interferon-α Used for chronic hepatitis C 3. Interferon -β Used against herpes and viral enteritis 4. Coagulation factor VIII Treatment of haemophilia A 5. Coagulation factor IX Treatment of haemophilia B 6. DNAase I Treatment of cystic fibrosis 7. Anti-thrombin III Prevention of blood clot 8. Interferon B For treatment of multiple sclerosis 9. Human recombinant growth hormone For promoting growth in an individual 10. Tissue pla...

Answer the following Questions. Question 1. Bacteria cannot be seen with the naked eyes, but these can be seen with the help of a microscope. If you have to carry a sample from your home to your biology laboratory to demonstrate the presence of microbes under a microscope, which sample would you carry and why? Solution : Curd can be used as a sample for the study of microbes. Curd contains numerous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or Lactobacillus. These bacteria produce acids that coagulate and digest milk proteins.  A small drop of curd is carried to the biology laboratory because it contains contains multitude of bacteria, which can be easily observed under a microscope which are of various shapes and sizes. Question 2. Give examples to prove that microbes release gases during metabolism. Solution : The examples of bacteria that release gases during metabolism are: (a) Bacteria and fungi carry out the process of fermentation and during this process, they release carbon dioxide. Fermen...